I'l  E>  R.AR.Y 

OF   THE 

UNIVERSITY 
OF    ILLINOIS 


NATURAL  HISTORY  SURVE 

530.5 


v.10 
cop.3 


MAMMALS  OF  THE  COLLINS-DAY  SOUTH 
AMERICAN  EXPEDITION.* 


BY  WILFRED  H.  Q.SGOOD. 


In  the  latter  part  of  1914,  Mr.  Alfred  M.  Collins  of  Philadelphia 
and  Mr.  Lee  Garnett  Day  of  New  York  called  upon  the  writer  to  discuss 
plans  for  a  trip  to  South  America.  As  a  result  of  this  meeting  and 
several  subsequent  ones,  it  was  decided  by  Mr.  Collins  and  Mr.  Day 
that  they  would  not  only  finance  but  personally  conduct  an  expedition 
to  be  largely  devoted  to  the  collecting  of  natural  history  specimens, 
especially  mammals  and  birds.  As  finally  arranged,  the  party  included 
Mr.  Collins  and  Mr.  Day  and  their  friend  Mr.  Willard  Walker,  who  also 
shared  in  the  expense,  and  representatives  of  two  museums,  Mr.  George 
K.  Cherrie  for  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  of  New  York, 
and  Mr.  Robert  H.  Becker  for  the  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 
The  route  chosen  led  across  the  continent  of  South  America  from  west 
to  east  through  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Brazil.  Sailing  from  New  York 
December  26,  1914,  the  party  proceeded  via  Panama  to  Mollendo, 
Peru,  arriving  there  on  January  15,  1915.  Thence  they  proceeded  by 
rail  to  Arequipa,  from  which  place  a  short  but  successful  hunting  trip 
was  made  to  Pampa  de  Arrieros,  Peru,  where  specimens  of  guanacos 
and  vicugnas  were  obtained.  Another  short  stop  was  made  at  Puno 
on  Lake  Titicaca  and  from  there  quick  time  was  made  by  rail  and  stage 
via  La  Paz,  Oruro,  Arque,  and  Parotani  to  Cochabamba,  Bolivia. 
From  Cochabamba  it  was  decided  to  travel  by  pack  train  over  a  little- 
used  and  difficult  trail  to  the  port  of  Todos  Santos  on  the  Chapare"  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Mamore".  Owing  to  heavy  rains,  this  part  of  the 
trip  was  very  arduous,  but  it  was  successfully  accomplished  and  some 
collecting  was  done  in  spite  of  untoward  conditions.  On  March  i6th 
a  small  steamer  left  Todos  Santos  with  the  expedition  and  arrived  at 
Trinidad  on  the  Mamore'  March  2oth.  Four  days  later  Guajaramerim 
was  reached  and  thence  to  Porto  Velho  on  the  Madeira  the  party  went 
by  rail,  arriving  March  29th.  From  this  point  to  Manaos,  no  stops 
were  made  and,  with  the  exception  of  Mr.  Cherrie  who  remained  on 

*An  illustrated  general  account  of   this  expedition  written  by  Mr.  Day  was 
published  in  the  American  Museum  Journal  for  January,  1916. 

199 


2oo    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

the  Amazon  near  Santarem  for  a  time,  the  whole  party  returned  directly 
to  the  United  States. 

Notwithstanding  the  difficult  climatic  conditions  and  the  limited 
time  which  was  available  for  actual  field  work  the  collections  obtained 
are  of  considerable  size  and  importance,  especially  in  view  of  the  very 
small  representation  of  the  fauna  of  the  region  traversed  which  was 
previously  possessed  by  North  American  museums.  According  to  the 
generous  plan  of  Mr.  Collins  and  Mr.  Day  these  collections  are  to  be 
divided  equally  by  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  and  the 
Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  types  of  new  birds  remaining 
with  the  New  York  institution  and  those  of  new  mammals  with  the 
Field  Museum. 

The  collection  of  mammals  numbers  some  325  specimens  belonging 
to  41  species  and  subspecies,  of  which  four  are  new.  In  the  brief 
account  of  this  collection  which  follows,  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Collins 
for  the  notes  on  the  hunting  of  guanacos  and  vicugnas. 

Martnosa  elegans  venusta  Thomas.     MOUSE  OPOSSUM. 

Four  specimens,  Parotani. 

These  topotypes  are  welcome  additions  to  the  collection  of  the  Field 
Museum,  as  of  course  they  would  be  to  any  other.  An  interesting 
character  shown  by  two  of  them  which  are  mature  is  a  rather  definite 
dark  spot  occupying  a  considerable  space  on  the  side  just  behind  the 
shoulder.  This  is  colored  like  the  dark  dorsal  area  and  forms  an  inter- 
ruption in  the  lower  half  of  the  lighter  lateral  area  which  in  its  upper 
half  separates  this  dark  spot  from  the  dorsal  area. 

Bradypus  tridactylus  Linnaeus.    THREE-TOED  SLOTH. 

Three  specimens,  Santarem,  Brazil.    Collected  by  G.  K.  Cherrie. 

Hippocamelus  antisiensis  D'Orbigny.     PERUVIAN  GUEMAL. 

One  specimen,  Pampa  de  Arrieros,  Peru. 

This  is  an  immature  male  with  milk  dentition  and  short,  stubby 
horns.  The  pelage  is  somewhat  worn  but  in  general  the  hairs  of  the  body 
have  buffy  tips  producing  a  rather  pallid  effect  which  is  sharply  con- 
trasted with  a  dark  blackish  brown  area  on  the  back  and  rump  just 
anterior  to  the  base  of  the  tail.  The  tail  itself  is  entirely  white  both 
above  and  below  and  the  white  areas  on  the  inner  sides  of  the  legs 
extend  to  the  hoofs.  The  dark  facial  markings,  so  well  developed  in 
the  Chilian  H.  bisulcus,  are  reduced  to  brownish  patches  over  the  eyes. 

This  species  was  found  up  to  an  altitude  of  13,000  feet,  in  general 
ranging  somewhat  lower  than  the  guanaco  and  vicugna. 


OCT.,  1916.    MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.       201 

Lama  glama  huanachus  Molina.    GUANACO. 

Six  specimens,  Pampa  de  Arrieros,  Peru. 

Well-preserved  skins  and  skulls  of  three  male  and  two  female 
guanacos  and  one  complete  skeleton  are  in  the  collection.  The  herds 
from  which  they  were  obtained  are  almost  if  not  quite  the  northernmost 
now  existing  and  the  specimens  will  be  of  great  interest  in  determining 
the  geographic  variation  in  the  species.  This  cannot  well  be  attempted 
until  specimens  are  secured  from  central  Chile,  the  type  locality  of 
Molina's  huanachus.  It  is  evident,  however,  that  the  Peruvian  gua- 
nacos of  this  collection  are  not  closely  related  to  the  "small  Peruvian 
guanaco  "  to  which  Lonnberg  has  given  the  name  Lama  glama  cacsiloensis 
and  which  shows  great  similarity,  at  least  in  certain  cranial  characters, 
to  the  vicugna.  In  size  our  specimens  are  only  slightly  smaller  than 
the  Patagonian  guanaco.  A  skull  of  an  adult  male  measures  as  follows: 
Total  length  290  (307)*;  basal  length  277  (290);  greatest  width  148 
(146);  least  postorbital  width  61.5  (64);  length  of  three  upper  molars 
59  (63);  width  across  middle  of  second  upper  molar  69  (75);  greatest 
length  of  nasal  laterally  63  (78). 

Measurements  of  an  adult  male,  taken  in  the  flesh  by  the  collector, 
are  as  follows:  Length  "from  between  ears  to  root  of  tail"  1300;  cir- 
cumference of  upper  neck  330;  of  lower  neck  in  front  of  shoulder  550; 
girth  behind  foreleg  1080;  girth  at  middle  of  belly  1160;  girth  at  loin 
860;  base  of  ear  to  point  of  shoulder  650. 

Lama  vicugna  Molina.    VICUGNA. 

Four  specimens,  Pampa  de  Arrieros,  Peru. 

These  consist  of  skins  and  skulls  of  two  males  and  one  female  and 
skeleton  of  one  male.  So  far  as  recorded,  they  are  the  only  first  class 
specimens  of  this  species  ever  brought  to  a  North  American  museum.t 
This  is  perhaps  on  account  of  the  poverty  of  North  American  museums 
in  South  American  material  rather  than  because  of  the  rarity  of  the 
animal;  but  it  is  evident  that  the  vicugna  is  not  easy  to  procure  even 
in  those  localities  where  it  is  still  common. 

Measurements  of  an  adult  male,  taken  in  the  flesh  by  the  collector, 
are  as  follows:  Length  "from  between  ears  to  root  of  tail"  1250;  base 
of  ear  to  point  of  shoulder  670;  circumference  of  upper  neck  260;  of 
lower  neck  in  front  of  shoulder  430;  girth  behind  foreleg  840;  girth  at 
middle  of  belly  960;  girth  at  loin  750. 

*Measurements  in  parentheses  are  those  of  a  Patagonian  guanaco  published 
by  Lonnberg.  (Archiv.  for  Zoologi,  VIII,  No.  19,  p.  2,  1913). 

fThe  specimen  recorded  as  Lama  vicugna  by  Elliot  (Cat.  Mamm.  Field  Mus.,  p. 
37,  1907)  proves  to  belong  to  another  species. 


202    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X: 

The  following  account  of  the  hunting  of  guanacos  and  vicugnas  has 
been  contributed  by  Mr.  Collins: 

"Glad  we  were  to  reach  Mollendo  on  the  west  coast  of  Peru  after 
three  weeks  sailing  from  New  York.  Here  we  unloaded  our  sixty  pieces 
of  baggage,  and  owing  to  the  kindness  of  the  Peruvian  officials,  due  to 
the  assistance  of  the  American  Minister  at  Lima,  we  were  passed  through 
the  customs  without  any  difficulty,  no  restriction  being  placed  on  the 
use  of  our  arms,  which  we  felt  would  be  the  case  while  crossing  Peru. 
We  were  very  glad  of  this  as  it  was  our  intention  to  hunt  on  the  high- 
lands for  vicugna  and  guanaco  and  a  small  variety  of  deer. 

"We  had  just  enough  time  to  pass  our  baggage  and  catch  the  train 
which  followed  the  shore  for  a  vhile  and  then  started  to  climb  to  an 
absolutely  barren  ground.  Suddenly  upon  reaching  an  altitude  of  some 
2000  feet  we  entered  the  clouds  and  found  a  most  fertile  country,  the 
ground  being  covered  with  beautiful  flowers.  A  couple  of  thousand 
feet  higher  we  crossed  a  table-land  almost  flat,  having  a  sandy  soil,  the 
sand  being  blown  by  the  high  winds  into  numerous  dunes,  crescentic  in 
shape,  which  were  constantly  changing  their  positions.  Again  we 
climbed  and  twisted  through  barren  mountains,  with  here  and  there 
green,  where  water  was  to  be  found.  Finally,  we  reached  Arequipa  at 
an  altitude  of  7500  feet,  and  here  the  train  stopped  for  twenty-four 
hours  in  order  to  give  the  passengers  an  opportunity  to  become  accus- 
tomed to  the  altitude. 

"The  next  day  we  proceeded  on  our  way  and  at  a  point  12,500  feet 
above  sea  level,  called  Pampa  de  Arrieros,  we  left  the  train,  hearing  that 
at  this  point  the  animals  we  were  desirous  of  getting  were  to  be  found. 
Having  finally  reached  our  hunting  ground,  and  with  a  considerable 
amount  of  stored  up  energy  after  three  weeks  idleness  on  the  steamer, 
it  not  yet  being  noon,  we  at  once  made  arrangements  for  mules  in 
order  to  make  a  hunt  that  day.  After  climbing  several  thousand  feet 
higher,  we  suddenly  came  in  sight  of  our  game.  Dismounting  and  start- 
ing to  run  after  it,  we  suddenly  realized  the  height  at  which  we  had 
arrived,  our  hearts  beating  so  rapidly  that  it  became  impossible  for  us 
to  continue.  The  rest  of  the  day  we  traveled  at  a  snail's  pace  after  the 
game,  which  always  kept  in  a  very  tantalizing  way  within  sight  but  out 
of  range.  Finding  that  it  would  be  impossible  for  us  to  come  up  with  it, 
we  decided  to  return  to  our  mules  and  go  back  to  camp.  A  sudden 
downpour  drenched  us  to  the  skin,  and  a  little  later  darkness  overtaking 
us,  and  the  chill  of  night  coming  on,  we  suffered  intensely  from  the 
cold.  The  great  heat  of  the  day,  the  drenching  by  rain,  and  the  sudden 
chilling  of  the  air  brought  on  all  of  us  attacks  of  soroche.  It  was  with 
great  difficulty  that  we  were  enabled  to  get  back  to  our  rooms  in  the 


OCT.,  1916.    MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.       203 

railroad  station  and  all  night  long  the  whole  party  suffered  intensely 
from  chills  and  fever. 

"The  next  day,  and  for  several  days  following,  we  hunted  these 
wary  animals,  and  each  day  becoming  more  and  more  accustomed  to 
the  altitude,  we  were  able  to  travel  not  only  greater  distances,  but  at 
a  higher  altitude.  Upon  hearing  from  the  Indians  that  there  was  a 
water  hole  high  up  on  one  of  the  mountains  just  below  the  snow  line 
where  game  was  very  plentiful,  we  planned  a  hunt  with  the  idea  of  spend- 
ing a  night  at  this  water  hole,  believing  that  just  before  dark  or  early 
in  the  morning  might  prove  to  be  the  best  time  to  get  our  game.  Hour 
after  hour  we  traveled,  and  higher  and  higher  climbed,  finding  the  water 
hole  much  farther  away  than  we  had  supposed  and  at  an  altitude  which 
taxed  our  hearts  and  lungs  to  the  utmost. 

"I  will  never  forget  the  night  spent  at  this  point,  18,000  feet  above 
sea  level,  in  a  little  shelter  of  stones  which  had  been  erected  by  the 
Indians  and  where  they  watched  for  game.  What  was  known  as  a  water 
hole  simply  consisted  of  damp  soil  where,  even  by  digging,  we  could  not 
get  enough  water  to  satisfy  our  own  thirst  let  alone  that  of  our  mules. 
All  night  long  I  was  kept  awake  by  the  shaking  of  my  companion  who 
had  one  chill  after  another,  suffering  myself  all  the  time  from  a  most 
terrific  headache  and  gasping  all  night  for  breath.  The  next  morning, 
as  soon  as  it  was  light  enough  for  us  to  see,  we  hurried  down  the  moun- 
tain for  several  thousand  feet,  and  then  as  the  sun  came  up,  we  fell  to 
the  ground  and  were  soon  fast  asleep,  exhausted  from  the  night's 
experience.  Not  only  did  the  altitude  affect  us  but  the  air  was  so  dry 
and  the  wind  on  these  mountains  blew  so  violently  that  our  faces  and 
hands  became  badly  sunburned.  In  addition  to  the  entire  skin  coming 
off  my  face  four  times  in  ten  days,  my  nose  swelled  to  at  least  double 
its  normal  size,  my  lips  were  badly  cracked  and  almost  constantly 
bleeding,  and  my  hands  were  blistered  on  the  palms  as  well  as  the  backs. 

"It  is  hard  to  imagine  any  animals  being  able  to  live  where  there  is 
such  a  lack  of  vegetation,  but  these  sure-footed  animals  grow  fat  there. 
They  are  seldom  hunted  by  the  white  man  but  the  Indians  are  con- 
tinually after  them,  making  them  exceedingly  shy  and  difficult  to  obtain. 
While  the  guanaco  and  vicugna  were  found  on  the  same  mountains, 
they  were  never  found  together.  Those  that  we  obtained  were  shot  at 
long  range.  A  small  deer,  the  guemal,  was  found  on  these  same  moun- 
tains but  much  lower  down,  its  range  not  exceeding  an  altitude  of 
from  12,000  to  13,000  feet,  while  the  vicugna  and  guanaco  were  found 
from  14,000  to  18,000  feet. 

"Pampa  de  Arrieros  is  a  small  settlement  of  a  couple  of  dozen 
mud  houses  occupied  mostly  by  the  workers  on  the  railroad,  a  church, 


204    FIELD  MUSEUM  or  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

and  a  railroad  station  where  we  succeeded  in  obtaining  rooms.  As  it 
was  a  meal  station  we  were  able  to  get  very  good  food  indeed.  We 
hunted  mostly  from  mule  back  but  had  considerable  difficulty  in  getting 
fresh  mules  as  the  climbing  was  exceedingly  hard  on  them,  and  it 
seemed  to  be  against  the  principles  of  the  owners  to  feed  them  any 
more  than  what  they  were  able  to  pick  up  for  themselves,  the  con- 
sequence being  that  after  a  mule  had  been  ridden  for  a  couple  of  days 
it  became  so  exhausted  it  was  worthless  to  us. 

"The  gait  of  the  guanaco  is  a  canter  or  easy  lope,  and  by  bounds 
they  attain  great  speed.  Reddish  brown  on  back  and  lighter  under 
parts.  Cool  gray  tone  of  head  and  ears;  head  held  erect.  Neigh  of 
horse,  neck  of  camel,  feet  of  deer,  and  swiftness  of  the  devil.  The  call 
is  a  weird,  tremulous  sound  and  half  idiotic  neigh." 

Sciurus  aestuans  gilvigularis  Wagner.    SQUIRREL. 

Four  specimens  (skins  only),  Santarem,  Brazil.  Collected  by  G.  K. 
Cherrie. 

Sciurus*  ignitus  Gray.    SQUIRREL. 

One  specimen,  Roquefalda,  Bolivia,  collected  February  19. 

This  specimen  is  provisionally  regarded  as  representing  the  species 
described  by  Gray  in  1867  from  a  squirrel  taken  in  "Bolivia"  by 
Bridges.  It  agrees  with  the  original  description  and  disagrees  with 
specimens  previously  referred  to  this  species  in  at  least  four  respects: 
(i)  in  its  relatively  soft  full  pelage,  (2)  in  its  dark  chestnut  ears  and 
postauricular  spots,  (3)  in  its  white  or  whitish  chin  and  throat,  and  (4) 
in  its  whitish  under  parts  more  or  less  grizzled  and  washed  with  buffy. 
I  am  not  informed  as  to  whether  or  not  Gray's  type  is  still  preserved, 
but  without  examination  of  it,  the  probability  that  it  belongs  to  this 
species  rather  than  to  the  one  to  which  the  name  ochrescens  has  been 
applied  seems  very  great. 

Sciurus  irroratus  ochrescens  Thomas.    SQUIRREL. 

One  specimen,  Chapare  River,  below  Todos  Santos. 

This  is  obviously  an  example  of  the  form  described  by  Thomas  as 
Sciurus  cuscinus  ochrescens  which  Allenf  has  identified  with  Gray's 
Macroxus  ignitus.  It  does  not  agree  with  Gray's  description,  however, 
for  the  under  parts  are  entirely  ochraceous  and  it  does  not  have  the 

*Without  more  study  than  I  am  at  present  able  to  give,  I  do  not  feel  justified 
in  using  the  generic  terms  recently  proposed  by  J.  A.  Allen  in  his  Review  of  South 
American  Sciuridae.  His  position  seems  very  radical,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  the  same 
standards  could  be  applied  successfully  in  other  groups. 

tBull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXIV,  pp.  204-206,  May,  1915. 


OCT.,  1916.     MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.        205 

"cheeks,  chin,  and  throat  white."  It  is  difficult,  also,  to  appreciate 
"back  of  the  ears  bright  red  bay";  and  since  both  of  these  features  are 
found  in  another  specimen  obviously  belonging  to  a  different  species, 
it  seems  necessary  to  recognize  both  ochrescens  and  ignitus. 

Sciurus  langsdorffi  Brandt.     LANGSDORFF'S  SQUIRREL. 
Two  specimens,  Porto  Velho,  Madeira  River,  Brazil. 

Oryzomys  sp. 

One  specimen  (skull  only),  Parotani. 

Beyond  the  determination  of  this  skull  as  a  representative  of  the 
longicaudatus-stolzmanni  series,  no  further  identification  is  possible 
with  the  material  at  hand.  Doubtless  it  is  not  the  same  as  the  species 
recorded  by  Thomas*  from  Charuplaya  in  eastern  Bolivia  under  the 
name  stolzmanni,  for  Parotani  is  on  the  high  plateau  and  Charuplaya 
is  almost  or  quite  within  the  Amazonian  forest. 

Oryzomys  chaparensis  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  Todos  Santos,  Chapar£  River,  Bolivia.  Altitude  about 
1200  feet.  No.  21,330  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Adult  male. 
Collected  March  15,  1915  by  R.  H.  Becker. 

Characters.  A  species  of  medium  size  with  the  tail  slightly  longer 
than  the  head  and  body,  the  pelage  rather  short,  and  the  throat  and 
inguinal  region  with  self-colored  hairs;  mammae  (in  one  specimen) 
1  —  2  =  6. 

Color.  Upper  parts  ochraceous  buff  liberally  mixed  with  dusky 
lines,  producing  a  general  effect  approaching  wood  brown  or  Isabella 
color;  head,  face,  and  sides  practically  like  back;  ears  dusky  outside, 
cinnamon  inside;  a  poorly  defined  line  of  ochraceous  buff  between  the 
color  of  the  upper  parts  and  the  under  parts;  feet  white;  outer  side  of 
tarsal  joint  broadly  and  distinctly  marked  with  brownish;  tail  finely 
scaly  and  except  upon  close  examination  appearing  naked,  dusky  above 
and  for  its  distal  third  below,  whitish  for  its  proximal  two-thirds  below; 
under  parts  creamy,  the  hairs  of  the  belly  and  breast  with  dark  bases, 
those  of  the  throat  and  inguinal  regions  and  the  median  part  of  the 
inner  sides  of  the  legs  self-colored. 

Skull.  Skull  relatively  long  and  slender;  interorbital  region  rather 
narrow  and  elevated,  the  anterior  half  of  the  frontals  being  distinctly 
higher  than  the  posterior;  supraorbital  edges  sharp  and  elevated  but  not 
beaded;  nasals  broad  and  with  considerable  median  depression  poste- 
riorly; zygomatic  plate  broad,  convex  in  front;  palatine  foramina  short 

*Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7),  IX,  p.  130,  1902. 


206    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

and  forming  obtuse  angles  in  front  and  behind;  audital  bullae  small; 
teeth  small.  As  compared  with  a  skull  of  O.  eliurus  from  Sapucay, 
Paraguay,  that  of  0.  chaparensis  is  slightly  larger  and  more  angular; 
the  interorbital  region  is  a  little  wider,  higher,  and  more  sharply  edged; 
nasals  broader;  palatine  foramina  shorter. 

Measurements.  Type:  Total  length  215;  head  and  body  104;  tail 
in;  hind  foot  26;  ear  from  notch  (dry)  14.  Skull  of  type:  Greatest 
length  26.8;  basilar  length  21 ;  zygomatic  breadth  13.5;  breadth  of  brain- 
case  11.2;  interorbital  constriction  4;  nasals  10.5x3.5;  palatine  foramina 
4.4x1.9;  diastema  6.9;  length  of  zygomatic  plate  2.7;  upper  toothrow  3.6. 

Remarks.  Although  the  state  of  knowledge  of  the  genus  Oryzomys 
makes  it  difficult  or  practically  impossible  to  determine  the  exact 
relationship  of  isolated  species,  it  is  apparent  that  this  one  does  not  show 
many  similarities  to  any  of  the  recently  described  Peruvian  and  Bolivian 
species  and  it  is  therefore  probable  that  its  allies  are  among  the  species 
described  by  early  authors  from  eastern  South  America.  Of  those 
available  for  comparison,  0.  eliurus  is  nearest  in  size  but  its  coloration 
is  of  the  usual  type  and  its  skull  differs  in  various  ways.  The  coloration 
of  the  under  parts  in  O.  chaparensis  is  characteristic,  for  although  the 
differentiation  of  self-colored  light  areas  on  the  pectoral  and  inguinal 
regions  is  not  unusual  among  rodents,  it  is  relatively  rare  in  the  genus 
Oryzomys. 

Only  two  specimens  have  been  examined,  an  adult  male  and  a  female. 
This  female  was  nursing  young  and  has  the  mammae  functionally 
enlarged  and  conspicuous  but  shows  no  trace  of  more  than  three  pairs 
whereas  four  pairs  are  normal  in  Oryzomys.  The  absence  of  the  ante- 
rior pair  of  pectoral  mammae  may  be  accidental  in  this  specimen  or 
it  may  be  a  peculiarity  of  the  species. 

(Ecomys  mamorae  Thomas. 

Ten  specimens,  Todos  Santos,  Chapare'  River. 

Since  their  external  and  cranial  measurements  agree  closely  with 
those  of  the  published  description  of  this  species,  there  is  scarcely  any 
reason  to  doubt  that  these  specimens  are  practically  typical  represen- 
tatives of  it  and  so  far  as  recorded  the  only  ones  extant  except  the  type 
which  is  preserved  in  alcohol  and  therefore  not  trustworthy  for  color 
characters.  The  color,  especially  that  of  the  under  parts,  as  shown  by 
the  present  series,  is  somewhat  variable.  In  the  majority,  particularly 
those  not  fully  mature,  the  rich,  tawny  ochraceous  lateral  line  which 
borders  the  color  of  the  upper  parts  widens  and  extends  with  only  slight 
dilution  across  the  middle  of  the  belly  and  forward  as  a  light  wash  to 
the  midpectoral  region.  Across  the  middle  of  the  belly  and  breast 


OCT.,  1916.    MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.       207 

there  is  tendency  for  the  hairs  to  have  dark  bases,  the  throat,  axillae, 
and  inguinal  regions  being  always  white  to  the  roots  of  the  hairs.  In 
one  old  female  the  entire  under  parts  are  pure  snowy  white  sharply 
separated  from  the  upper  parts  by  a  broad  (5  mm.)  tawny  ochraceous 
lateral  line.  Both  fore  and  hind  feet  are  more  or  less  brownish,  and  the 
ears,  while  usually  tawny,  are  sometimes  dusky  antero-internally. 

Two  adults  present  the  following  flesh  measurements:  Total  length 
333,  328;  head  and  body  149,  147;  tail  184,  181;  hind  foot  27,  27. 

Hesperomys  callosus  boliviae  Thomas. 

One  specimen,  Trinidad. 

On  geographic  grounds,  this  specimen  might  be  either  H.  callosus 
or  H.  c.  bolivice;  and  with  nothing  more  than  descriptions  for  com- 
parison, its  identification  cannot  be  regarded  as  positive.  The  tooth- 
row  measures  4.1  mm.,  which  is  exactly  the  length  given  for  that  of  the 
type  of  H.  c.  bolivia,  and  other  cranial  measurements  correspond 
closely.  External  measurements  are  as  follows:  Total  length  200; 
head  and  body  122;  tail  78;  hind  foot  23. 

Phyllotis  (Graomys)  domorum  Thomas. 

Three  specimens,  Parotani. 

These  are  typical  examples  of  this  species  and  from  the  region  of 
the  type  locality.  Their  examination  has  been  of  particular  interest  in 
connection  with  the  grouping  of  certain  South  American  Muridae 
recently  made  by  Thomas.  *  A  small  group  including  the  present  species 
has  been  given  generic  rank  under  the  name  Graomys,  but  this  group 
is  so  closely  allied  to  typical  Phyllotis  that  it  seems  better  to  treat  it  as 
a  subgenus  rather  than  as  a  genus.  This  conclusion  is  largely  influenced 
by  a  consideration  of  Phyllotis  amicus,  a  species  which  is  assigned  infer- 
entially  by  Thomas  to  Phyllotis  but  which  shows  such  affinity  to 
Graomys  that  the  exceedingly  close  relationship  between  the  two 
groups  can  scarcely  be  doubted.  In  all  external  features  except  size 
the  resemblance  of  P.  amicus  and  P.  domorum  amounts  to  practical 
identity.  The  very  soft,  satiny  pelage  and  the  pure  white  self-colored 
areas  of  the  under  parts  are  very  characteristic.  The  skull  of  P. 
amicus  has  the  short,  rounded  braincase  of  typical  Phyllotis  but  its  very 
broad  frontals  and  its  slightly  undercut  zygomatic  plate  show  very 
decided  approach  to  the  condition  in  Graomys.  It  lacks  the  definite 
supraorbital  bead  but  the  supraorbital  border  is  trenchant  and  even 
slightly  elevated.  The  second  upper  molar  is  more  nearly  five-parted 
than  in  true  Phyllotis,  and  in  this  respect  also  there  is  resemblance  to 
*Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (8),  XVII,  pp.  139-143,  Jan.,  1916. 


ao8     FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

P.  domorum.  In  fact  it  seems  necessary  to  include  the  species  amicus 
as  a  peripheral  member  of  the  group  Graomys  and  to  recognize  its 
connectant  character  by  treating  that  group  as  a  subgenus  co-ordinate 
with  typical  Phyllotis. 

Akodon  puer  Thomas. 

One  specimen,  Parotani. 

This  specimen  agrees  closely  with  the  original  description  of  A. 
puer,  the  principal  discrepancy  being  in  the  color  of  the  ears  which  are 
mixed  grayish  and  dusky  in  some  contrast  to  the  body  color.  Flesh 
measurements  are:  Total  length  169;  tail  75;  hind  foot  20. 

Akodon  varius  Thomas. 

One  specimen,  Parotani. 

Although  comparison  with  the  type  from  Cochabamba  would  be 
desirable,  there  seems  little  reason  to  doubt  the  identity  of  this  speci- 
men, especially  since  Thomas  in  the  original  description  has  referred  to 
another  from  this  locality.  Flesh  measurements  are:  Total  length  203; 
head  and  body  108;  tail  95;  hind  foot  26. 

Akodon  dayi  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  Todos  Santos,  Chapare*  River,  Bolivia.  No.  21329  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History.  Adult  male.  Collected  March  isth, 
1915  by  Robert  H.  Becker.  Original  No.  784. 

Characters.  A  medium-sized  species  of  dark,  rich,  color.  Somewhat 
allied  to  A.  cursor  but  very  much  darker  with  larger  hind  feet  and  a 
heavier  and  decidedly  deeper  skull.  Similar  in  color  to  A.  aerosus 
baliolus,  but  under  parts  paler  and  more  heavily  washed  with  fulvous; 
cranial  characters  widely  different. 

Color.  Upper  parts  varying  from  Vandyke  brown  to  burnt  umber; 
middle  of  back  scarcely  or  not  at  all  darker  than  sides;  under  parts  rich 
rufous;  ears  blackish  without  mixture  of  fulvous;  feet  brownish  black; 
tail  blackish  above  and  below. 

Skull.  As  compared  with  that  of  A.  aerosus,  the  skull  is  long  and 
high,  both  incisor  and  molar  teeth  are  heavier,  and  the  braincase  is 
narrower;  the  supraorbital  edges  are  sharp  and  continuous  with  a 
definite  ridge  which  crosses  the  parietals  to  the  occipito-squamosal 
suture,  where  it  turns  abruptly  downward  and  becoming  more  decided 
forms  a  sharp  vertical  ridge  to  the  mastoid  bulla;  the  occiput  scarcely 
projects  beyond  the  vertical  plane  of  the  back  of  the  interparietal  which 
is  often  sharp-angled  behind,  forming  with  the  supraoccipital  a  definite 
inion;  the  zygomatic  plate  is  broad  and  nearly  vertical  or  slightly  con- 


OCT.,  1916.     MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.        209 

cave  in  front;  the  nasals  end  posteriorly  in  a  point  which  greatly  exceeds 
the  endings  of  the  premaxillae.  As  compared  with  the  skull  of  A. 
cursor,  that  of  A.  dayi  shows  a  slight  resemblance  in  the  development 
of  the  parietal  ridge,  but  the  entire  skull  is  so  much  deeper  and  heavier 
that  detailed  comparison  is  unnecessary. 

Measurements.  Average  of  ten  adults:  Total  length  198  (186-214); 
head  and  body  119  (110-134);  tail  79  (75-84);  hind  foot  26  (25-27). 
Skull  of  type:  Greatest  length  30.8;  basilar  length  24.8;  zygomatic 
breadth  15.6;  interorbital  constriction  5.6;  median  length  of  f rentals 
10.5;  interparietal  7.5x1.7;  nasals  11.7x3.9;  palatine  foramina  7.4x2.8; 
diastema  8;  median  length  of  zygomatic  plate  3.3;  upper  toothrow  4.9. 

Remarks.  Although  having  considerable  color  resemblance  to 
Akodon  a.  baliolus,  this  species  differs  from  it  so  widely  in  cranial  char- 
acters that  it  is  probable  it  has  no  close  affinity  and  its  nearest  relatives 
perhaps  are  to  be  sought  among  the  species  of  eastern  Brazil.  The  only 
available  species  of  this  region  which  shows  even  slight  similarity  is 
A.  cursor,  but  this  is  smaller  and  paler  and  has  a  relatively  low  flattened 
skull. 

A  series  of  thirty-nine  specimens  of  this  new  species  was  obtained 
mostly  about  the  half-dozen  native  huts  forming  the  small  village  of 
Todos  Santos.  All  of  them  give  evidence  of  having  been  very  fat  and 
many  have  white  hairs  scattered  through  the  pelage  of  the  rump  and 
back,  both  features  being  possible  indications  that  they  were  leading 
slightly  abnormal  existences.  Their  presence  in  the  village  in  large 
numbers  was  doubtless  due  to  the  prevalence  of  heavy  rains  and  floods 
in  the  surrounding  dense  forest. 

Dasyprocta  variegata  subsp.    VARIED  AGOUTI. 

Two  specimens,  Porto  Velho,  Brazil. 

These  are  provisionally  referred  to  this  species  of  which  no  typical 
examples  are  at  hand. 

Proechimys  brevicaudus  securus  Thomas.    SPINY  RAT. 

Six  specimens  (2  ad.,  4  yg.),  Todos  Santos,  Chapare'  River. 

These  are  referred  to  this  form  largely  on  geographic  grounds.  So 
far  as  can  be  determined  from  comparison  with  descriptions,  they  com- 
bine the  characters  of  P.  securus  and  P.  bolivianus,  having  the  short 
foot  of  the  one  and  the  long  narrow  skull  of  the  other.  Their  resem- 
blance to  P.  brevicaudus  is  striking  not  only  in  cranial  characters  but  also 
in  external  appearance,  especially  when  the  variability  of  brevicaudus,  as 
previously  shown,*  is  considered.  In  one  specimen  there  is  consider- 

*See  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  Zool.  X,  p.  168,  1914. 


2io    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

able  fulvous  on  the  sides  of  the  belly  and  likewise  on  the  throat;  on  the 
other  the  under  parts  are  practically  pure  white.  The  upper  parts  are 
quite  as  in  P.  brevicai4dus.  I  see  no  objection  to  treating  this  form,  if 
it  be  a  valid  one,  as  a  subspecies  of  brevicaudus,  for  whatever  local 
variations  there  may  be,  it  is  beyond  speculation  that  all  are  relatively 
recent  derivatives  of  a  common  stock.  The  fact  of  such  slight  differ- 
entiation in  animals  from  localities  so  distant  from  each  other  is  also 
an  indication  of  general  continuity  of  distribution  and  probable  sub- 
specific  relationship. 

Measurements  of  the  two  adults  are:  Head  and  body  259,  243; 
hind  foot  (dry)  50,  47.5;  greatest  length  of  skull  57.8,  60.2. 

Ctenomys  opimus  Wagner.    TUCO-TUCO. 

One  specimen,  Oruro. 

This  is  somewhat  immature  and  noticeably  paler  than  a  single  topo- 
type  of  C.  opimus  with  which  it  has  been  compared.  Thomas*  has 
referred  specimens  from  Oruro  to  this  species  and  has  specially  men- 
tioned a  wide  color  variation  among  individuals  from  one  locality,  so 
our  specimen  probably  has  no  extraordinary  peculiarities.  It  is  to  be 
remembered,  however,  that  rodents  of  fossorial  subterranean  habits 
are  usually  subject  to  much  local  differentiation,  and  when  our  know- 
ledge of  the  tuco-tucos  is  on  a  par  with  that  of  their  North  American 
analogues,  the  Geomyidae,  we  will  doubtless  recognize  a  much  larger 
number  of  forms  than  at  present. 

Gavia  musteloides  boliviensis  Waterhouse.     BOLIVIAN  CAVY. 

Twenty-four  specimens,  Parotani. 

A  series  of  this  size  all  taken  at  one  time  and  place  affords  a  valuable 
opportunity  to  observe  variation,  especially  since  such  series  thus  far 
have  seldom  been  preserved.  In  both  color  and  cranial  features  con- 
siderable variation  appears;  rather  more,  generally  speaking,  than  is 
found  among  cricetine  and  murine  rodents.  The  color  of  the  upper 
parts  is  relatively  uniform  throughout  the  series,  the  general  tone  being 
slightly  darker  or  lighter  according  as  the  buffy  annulations  of  the 
black-tipped  hairs  are  narrower  or  broader.  The  broad,  basal  color  of 
the  hairs  of  the  upper  parts  varies  narrowly  between  shades  of  mouse 
gray  and  smoke  gray  always  being  darker  mid-dorsally  than  laterally. 
The  color  of  the  under  parts  ranges  from  pale  buff  or  creamy  to  the 
roots  of  the  hairs  (except  on  the  throat)  to  creamy  whitish  with  a  dark 
grayish  undercolor  extending  throughout  except  on  the  inner  sides  of 
the  legs  where  the  hairs  are  pale  and  self-colored.  This  latter  type  is 

*Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (7),  IX,  p.  227,  1902. 


OCT.,  1916.     MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.       211 

the  predominant  one,  and  in  general  the  effect  on  the  under  parts  is 
grizzled.  The  variation  in  the  width  of  the  buffy  annulations  on  the 
hairs  of  the  upper  parts  is  correlated  with  the  general  extent  of  buffiness; 
and  while  some  specimens  have  distinct,  buffy  eye  rings  and  postauric- 
ular  spots,  others  have  these  markings  whitish  rather  than  buffy  or  so 
reduced  as  to  be  scarcely  apparent.  The  series  includes  several  im- 
mature examples  not  more  than  half-grown,  and  these  are  colored 
practically  as  in  the  adults.  It  thus  appears  that  there  are  two  styles 
of  coloration  one  in  which  the  under  parts  are  grayish  or  whitish  and 
the  other  in  which  they  are  buffy.  Comparing  extremes  of  the  two 
styles,  one  might  easily  entertain  the  idea  of  their  specific  distinctness. 

Examination  of  the  skulls,  of  which  about  half  are  unbroken,  shows 
the  usual  slight  variations  in  the  size  and  shape  of  nasal  and  interparietal 
bones,  but  the  most  striking  irregularity  is  found  in  the  size  of  the 
audital  bullas,  the  horizontal  diameter  of  which  ranges  from  twelve  to 
fourteen  millimeters  in  specimens  of  the  same  sex  and  apparently  the 
same  age. 

In  separating  Cavia  boliviensis  from  C.  musteloides  *  Thomas  has 
mentioned  only  characters  which  appear  to  be  within  the  limits  of 
the  variation  in  this  Parotani  series,  and  it  is  therefore  possible  that 
C.  boliviensis  should  be  treated  as  a  synonym  of  C.  musteloides.  How- 
ever, in  the  absence  of  specimens  from  Sahama,  which  has  been  selected 
as  the  type  locality  of  musteloides,  it  does  not  seem  quite  safe  to  conclude 
that  no  differentiation  exists.  But  it  is  reasonably  certain  that  boliviensis 
is  at  most  no  more  than  a  subspecies  of  musteloides. 

A  note  in  Mr.  Becker's  field  catalogue  states  that  the  cavies  were 
obtained  on  rocky  hills  surrounding  the  fertile  irrigated  valley  in  which 
Parotani  is  situated. 

Viscaccia  punensis  Thomas.    TITICACA  VISCACHA. 

One  skin  without  skull,  Puno,  Peru.  Collected  by  G.  K.  Cherrie, 
January  22nd. 

The  pelage  of  this  individual  is  in  worn,  ragged  condition  consisting 
principally  of  the  thick  "wool  hairs."  The  dorsal  line  is  barely  appar- 
ent, and  there  are  no  white  axillary  spots.  As  compared  with  specimens 
of  V.  inca  and  V.  subrosea  it  is  darker,  more  brownish,  throughout. 
Flesh  measurements  are  as  follows:  Total  length  320;  tail  280;  hind 
foot  90;  ear  65. 

Ganis  culpaeus  andinus  Thomas.     BOLIVIAN  WOLF. 

One  specimen,  Pampa  de  Arrieros,  Peru.    Altitude  13,500  feet. 
*  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  (8),  VIII,  p.  254,  1911. 


212    FIELD  MUSEUM  or  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

Nasua  montana  Tschudi.     MOUNTAIN  COATI. 

Two  specimens,  Porto  Velho,  Brazil. 

These  dark-qolored  and  short-tailed  coatis,  one  adult  and  one 
immature,  are  referred  to  N.  montana  with  considerable  doubt ;  but,  with 
such  material  as  is  at  hand  for  comparison,  no  better  disposition  of  them 
is  possible. 

Felis  pardalis  chibigouazou  Griffith.    SOUTHERN  OCELOT. 

One  specimen,  Porto  Velho,  Brazil. 

Although  not  wholly  agreeing  with  descriptions,  this  specimen 
may  be  referred  tentatively  to  this  form  on  geographic  grounds. 

Felis  pardalis  ocelot  Smith.     NORTHEASTERN  OCELOT. 

An  imperfect  skin  without  skull  obtained  at  Santarem  by  G.  K. 
Cherrie  is  in  the  collection.  It  is  closely  similar  to  a  specimen  from 
Georgetown,  British  Guiana,  both  being  richly  rufescent  dorsally  and 
having  numerous  small  shoulder  spots  and  the  body  markings  large, 
bold,  and  distinct.  These  are  characters  described  and  figured  by 
Hamilton  Smith  for  his  Ocelot  No.  2  to  which  Mearns*  has  regarded  the 
name  Felis  ocelot  applicable.  I  have  therefore  ventured  to  adopt  this 
name  for  these  specimens  and  to  consider  Guiana  as  the  type  locality. 

Tayra  barbara  madeirensis  Lonnberg.    MADEIRA  TAYRA. 

One  specimen,  Todos  Santos. 

This  specimen  has  nearly  or  quite  the  coloration  described  for  this 
subspecies,  but  the  hair  is  not  especially  short.  The  hinder  parts  of 
the  animal  are  blackish  brown  and  the  tail  quite  black  evidently  very 
different  from  the  pale  color  of  the  type  of  T.  b.  brunnea  which  is  from 
the  relatively  nearby  region  of  the  Beni  River. 

Glossophaga  soricina  Pallas.     COMMON  GLOSSOPHAGA. 
One  specimen,  Trinidad. 

Artibeus  andersenif  sp.  nov.    ANDERSEN'S  ARTIBEUS. 

Type  (in  alcohol)  from  Porto  Velho,  Brazil.  No.  21331  Field  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History.  Adult  male.  Collected  April  3,  1915  by 
R.  H.  Becker.  Original  No.  886. 

Characters.  Similar  to  Artibeus  toltecus  raws,  but  smaller  and  darker, 
being  quite  the  smallest  species  of  Artibeus  yet  known;  forearm  34-36. 
Color  dark  brownish  above  and  below,  no  evident  light  facial  stripes; 
hairing  on  limbs  and  membranes  as  in  A.  cinereus  and  A.  toltecus. 

*Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXV,  p.  239,  1902. 

fFor  Dr.  Knud  Andersen  of  the  British  Natural  History  Museum. 


OCT.,  1916.     MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.        213 

Skull  with  the  facial  region  relatively  short  and  the  palate  short  and 
wide;  teeth  slightly  smaller  than  in  A.  toltecus  ravus,  first  upper  molar 
reduced  in  size,  especially  as  compared  with  the  second  which  it  exceeds 
only  slightly. 

Measurements.  Type:  Head  and  body  45;  hind  foot  10;  pollex 
with  claw  7;  forearm  35;  third  metacarpal  32.7;  fourth  metacarpal  32.3; 
fifth  metacarpal  33;  inner  margin  of  ear  conch  n;  tibia  13;  calcar  3.8. 
Skull  of  type:  Greatest  length  18.2;  basal  length  16.3;  mastoid  width 
9.5;  zygomatic  width  n;  width  of  braincase  8.6;  maxillary  width  across 
m.1  7.8;  width  across  cingula  of  canines  5.4;  length  of  palate  7.1;  upper 
toothrow  including  canine  5.8. 

Remarks.  No  specimens  of  any  of  the  smaller  Artibeus  have  here- 
tofore been  obtained  from  Brazil  or  elsewhere  in  central  South  America 
between  Surinam,  where  A.  quadrivittatus  occurs,  and  Ecuador  and  Peru, 
where  A.  toltecus  ravus  and  A.  glaucus  have  been  found.  Although 
obviously  related  to  all  of  these  and  occupying  an  intermediate  region, 
the  present  species  is  probably  distinct.  It  is  characterized  chiefly 
by  small  size,  and  by  its  short-faced  skull  and  reduced  first  upper  molar. 

Four  specimens  are  in  the  collection,  all  in  alcohol ;  hence  no  accurate 
description  of  the  color  is  possible.  Actual  comparisons  have  been 
made  only  with  two  specimens  of  A.  toltecus  ravus  from  near  the  type 
locality. 

Artibeus  jamaicensis  lituratus  Lichtenstein. 

One  specimen,  Santarem,  Brazil.     Collected  by  G.  K.  Cherrie. 

Molossus  obscurus  Geoffrey.     DUSKY  MOLOSSUS. 

Eleven  specimens,  Trinidad  (7),  Todos  Santos  (i),  Porto  Velho  (2). 

This  common  and  widely  distributed  species  is  well  represented. 
The  specimens  show  no  obvious  distinctions  from  others  from  eastern 
Brazil.* 

*A  pale  form  of  M.  crassicaudatus,  first  noticed  in  this  connection,  may  be 
described  briefly  as  follows: — 

Molossus  crassicaudatus  tecticola  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Jua,  near  Iguatti,  Ceara,  Brazil.  No.  20221  Field  Museum  of 
Natural  History.  Adult  male.  Collected  August  21,  1913  by  R.  H.  Becker. 

Characters.  Similar  to  M.  crassicaudatus  and  M.  obscurus,  but  very  much  paler, 
the  general  color  of  the  upper  parts  being  brownish  Isabella  color  with  the  bases 
of  the  hairs  whitish  buff;  under  parts  still  paler,  a  sort  of  vinaceous  drab.  Skull 
practically  as  in  M.  crassicaudatus. 

Type:     Total  length  103;  tail  38;  foot  n;  forearm  (dry)  39. 

This  is  a  well  marked  form  occupying  the  arid  parts  of  eastern  Brazil  and  al- 
though there  is  much  color  variation  among  specimens  from  other  parts  of  South 
America,  it  seldom  approaches  the  degree  of  paleness  shown  by  all  specimens  of  this 
form.  Eight  skins  and  thirty-five  alcoholics  have  been  examined. 


214    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

Eumops  bonariensis  Peters. 

Twenty-nine  specimens,  Trinidad. 

These  agree  very  closely  with  the  original  description  of  this  species 
as  well  as  with  specimens  from  east-central  Brazil.  No  comparison 
with  specimens  from  Argentine  or  Paraguay  has  been  possible. 

Saccopteryx  bilineata  Temminck.    STRIPED  BAT. 
Seven  specimens,  Porto  Velho,  Brazil. 

Myotis  nigricans  Maximilian.     BLACKISH  BAT. 

One  hundred  and  twelve  specimens.  Junction  of  San  Antonio  and 
Espirito  Santo  rivers  (25),  Todos  Santos  (77),  Trinidad  (10). 

The  name  nigricans  is  here  used  in  the  inclusive  "blanket"  sense. 
Should  an  east  Bolivian  form  of  this  group  prove  recognizable  the  name 
hypothrix*  will  be  available  and  these  specimens  may  perhaps  be  re- 
garded as  typical. 

Leontocebus  weddelli  Deville.    WEDDELL'S  MARMOSET. 

One  specimen,  Porto  Velho,  Brazil. 

So  far  as  can  be  judged  from  descriptions  alone,  this  specimen  is 
typical  of  this  species.  The  white  frontal  marking  is  well  developed. 
The  hind  feet  are  not  wholly  black  but  have  considerable  mixture  of 
chestnut. 

Gallicebus  donacophilus  D'Orbigny.    TITI  MONKEY. 

Two  specimens,  Todos  Santos. 

These  are  almost  wholly  russet  brown  on  the  upper  parts,  the  hairs 
being  faintly  annulated  with  darker  and  without  any  distinct  grayish 
areas.  The  hands  and  feet  and  tail  are  abruptly  grayish  in  sharp 
contrast.  The  median  under  parts  and  the  inner  sides  of  the  legs  are 
bright  clear  tawny. 

Callicebus  caligatus  Wagner.    TITI  MONKEY. 

One  specimen,  Porto  Velho,  Brazil. 

Without  material  for  comparison,  it  is  difficult  to  make  positive 
identification  of  this  specimen.  It  seems  probable  that  it  may  be 
intermediate  between  C.  caligatus  and  C.  brunneus  and  may  be  referred 
tentatively  to  the  former.  The  tail  is  mostly  dark  brown  superficially, 
but  the  hairs  are  light  at  the  base  and  finely  specked  or  annulated  with 

*D'Orbigny  &  Gervais,  Voy.  Am6r.  M6rid.,  IV,  Mamm.,  p.  16,  1847. 


OCT.,  1916.     MAMMALS,  COLLINS-DAY  EXPEDITION  —  OSGOOD.       215 

brownish.  At  the  tip  of  the  tail  the  terminal  tuft  of  hairs  is  wholly 
light-colored,  practically  white,  but  with  innumerable,  fine  peppery 
annulations.  The  under  parts  are  mixed  with  blackish  and  chestnut, 
the  blackish  predominating. 

Saimiri  sciurea  collinsi  subsp.  nov.    COLLINS  SQUIRREL  MONKEY. 

Type  from  Fazenda  Teso,  near  Soure,  Marajo  Id.,  Brazil.  No. 
19534  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Adult  male.  Collected 
November  15,  1911  by  E.  Snethlage. 

Characters.  Similar  to  typical  Saimiri  sciurea,  but  hands  and  feet 
darker,  more  richly  colored;  white  area  around  ears  very  narrowly  or 
not  continuous  with  white  surrounding  eyes;  back  much  paler,  less 
fulvous. 

Upper  parts  in  general  similar  to  those  of  5.  sciurea,  but  head,  shoul- 
ders, and  foreback  almost  wholly  grayish,  the  median  suffusion  of  ful- 
vous reduced  to  the  merest  trace;  middle  and  hind  back  with  a  strong 
tinge  of  fulvous  but  much  paler  than  in  sciurea;  hands  and  feet  and 
lower  limbs  tawny  rather  than  orange  ochraceous;  white  face  marking 
not  broadly  continuous  with  white  around  ears,  but  separated  from  it 
by  a  grizzled  area  connecting  the  color  of  the  top  of  the  head  with  the 
gray  patch  on  the  lower  cheek;  under  parts  and  tail  practically  as  in 
sciurea. 

Skull  and  teeth  small. 

Measurements.  Type:  Total  length  660;  head  and  body  249; 
tail  411;  hind  foot  86. 

Skull  of  type:  Greatest  length  63.6;  zygomatic  breadth  37.3; 
breadth  of  braincase  34.6;  palatal  length  17.5;  upper  toothrow  (molars 
and  premolars)  12.8;  width  of  first  upper  molar  3.9. 

Remarks.  A  single  specimen  of  a  squirrel  monkey  purchased  in  the 
market  at  Para  is  included  in  the  collection  brought  back  by  the  expedi- 
tion and  has  led  to  comparisons  showing  rather  marked  differences 
between  the  animal  of  the  lower  Amazon  region  and  that  of  Guiana 
to  which  the  name  sciurea  restrictively  applies.  Comparison  has 
not  been  possible  with  5.  madeirae  and  S.  macrodon  which  are 
doubtless  related,  although  apparently  not  quite  so  closely  as  is  typical 
sciurea. 

Specimens  from  the  Rio  Branco  region  in  northern  Brazil  agree 
closely  with  typical  examples  of  sciurea  from  Georgetown,  British 
Guiana. 

Saimiri  boliviensis  D'Orbigny.     BOLIVIAN  SQUIRREL  MONKEY. 
Two  specimens,  Todos  Santos. 


2i 6    FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY  —  ZOOLOGY,  VOL.  X. 

Aotus  boliviensis  Elliot.    BOLIVIAN  NIGHT  MONKEY. 

Three  specimens,  junction  of  San  Antonio  and  Espirito  Santo  rivers. 

All  of  these  are  females  and  seem  to  be  typical  representatives  of 
this  form.  They  were  shot  by  Mr.  Collins  at  about  sunrise  on  the 
morning  of  March  5th. 

Cebus  fatuellus  peruanus  Thomas.   PERUVIAN  CAPUCHIN  MONKEY. 

Four  specimens,  Todos  Santos  (i),  Porto  Velho  (3). 

An  adult  male  and  female  and  two  immature  examples  furnish 
some  variation  in  color,  and  in  the  present  confused  state  of  knowledge 
of  the  monkeys  of  this  genus  about  all  that  can  be  said  of  these  partic- 
ular ones  is  that  they  are  probably  related  to  C.  fatuellus. 

The  adult  male  has  the  sides  of  the  body  clay  color  becoming  darker 
toward  the  mid-dorsal  line  where  a  dark  brownish  line  extends  from  the 
occiput  to  the  tail;  top  of  head  black  narrowly  surrounded  with  pale 
buffy  mixed  with  black;  a  dark  line  passing  in  front  of  ears  and  under 
chin;  proximal  half  of  outer  side  of  arms  light  creamy  buff;  distal  half  of 
arms  and  legs  black  mixed  with  buff  and  ochraceous;  toes  with  a  few 
grayish  hairs  mixed  with  the  black;  tail  black,  the  hairs  of  basal  third 
with  yellowish  tips. 


FIELD   MUSEUM   OF  NATURAL  HISTORY. 


PLATE  VI,    ZOOLOGY. 


ON  THE  RANGE  OF  THE  GUANACO  AND  THE  VICUGNA. 


VICUGNAS. 

Photographs  by  A.  M.  Collins. 


FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY. 


PLATE  VII,    ZOOLOGY. 


GUANACO   "RING"   OR  GATHERING  PLACE. 


REGION  INHABITED  BY  THE  GUEMAL. 

Photographs  by  A.  M.  Collins. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


